Five Ways to Create Better Risk-Adjusted Returns
Five random strategy-development thoughts swimming around in me noggin’ re: creating better risk-adjusted (i.e. smoother) returns…
Method #1: Trade Low/Negatively-Correlated Assets
This is the obvious solution that even Markowitz would approve of, but also the one that I use the least.
I only trade equity-related assets (vs bonds, commodities, etc.), not because I want to, but because I’ve found them to be the most predictive.
This is probably MarketSci’s single biggest opportunity to better itself. Even though one of my strategies might be trading say a gold stock sector fund and a small-cap stock fund at the same time, as we all know, in a crises, all correlation goes to 1.
Method #2: Trade Confidence-based Rather than Transactional Strategies
This is a very important concept that we’ve covered previously, Condor followed up on recently, and I employ in my own proprietary strategies YK and Scotty.
I’ll plagiarize Condor’s explanation of why a confidence-based strategy (or what they call a “polynary strategy”) leads to smoother returns:
The advantage of the polynary approach should be clear. It permits the strategy to be more precise. I have a habit of describing financial products as a means of expressing financial propositions; let’s regard the output of a trading strategy as the proposition to be expressed. A binary strategy that merely produces buy and sell signals is not very expressive at all: it voices full confidence or complete doubt about the asset every time it speaks. That’s like going out on a series of dates and, each morning, looking into your partner’s eyes with either abject hatred or utter rapture. Life admits of more subtlety. And if a given strategy really does track some worthwhile edge, chances are that that edge will be better expressed in degrees.
Method #3: Trade in Multiple Timeframes
This is something we’ve talked about on the blog, and that I employ in the free State of the Market report and my own proprietary strategies.
The market rarely tells the same story when viewed through the short, intermediate, and long-term lens. We might for instance be a couple of days into a short-term move up in an intermediate-term overbought market at the tail end of a long-term downtrend – three very different reads.
By combining those three views, we create a more holistic signal that smooths returns by not taking such sharply contrasting views day-to-day (Condor’s binary “abject hatred/utter rapture” scenario).
Method #4: Trade Multiple Conceptually-Different Strategies
All four of our proprietary strategies, despite sharing some common roots and trading similar assets, are focused on very different timeframes and very different trading advantages. Combining them, even in a brain dead even-split as we’ve done below, has produced spectacular risk-adjusted returns.
On any given day these strategies may be expressing a similar opinion on the market (meaning risk on any given day might be high), but viewed a bit further out such as monthly, the dissimilarities between the strategies creates the smooth ride.
Note: this graph is updated monthly on our Strategies page. Go there to learn more about how this graph is calculated and our independently-audited real-time returns.
Method #5: Duplicate Signal on Similar Data Sources and Indicators
This was actually the topic that got me started thinking about this post originally. I’m approaching my self-imposed word limit, and want to be able to treat the topic with the time it deserves, so I’ll save this one for a follow up post.
As always, more to follow.
[Edit: click for a summary of all posts in this series on better risk-adjusted returns]
Happy Trading,
ms
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Filed under: Trading Strategies | 18 Comments




Michael,
Awesome post, as always. Numbers 2 & 3 took me years to figure out on my own; they are fundamental to building robust strategies. I look forward to your post on #5.
Best,
Josh
Great blog, Michael. More specifically: I LOVE your blog.
I could be wrong, but I seem to recall that you said that you put 100% of your own investment capital into your strategies, and that your investments were up 8.1% in 2008. If I correctly understood you, then that doesn’t seem to tie with the 2008 performance shows in the graph. Please explain.
If the discrepancy is a result of your choosing a different blend of the MarketSci strategies, then why did you go with that blend over this one?
Thank you in advance!
Hello Wyatt – thanks for the kind words – if you follow the “my personal portfolio” link on the top posts page (http://marketsci.wordpress.com/favorite-posts/) you’ll see that I haven’t invested my own portfolio according to this 25% split (in fact, because I wasn’t the primary developer on RH and I am an ego maniac, I didn’t start investing in it until this month). Those series of “personal portfolio” posts should help you understand my logic for allocating different % of my own portfolio to different strategies. Hope that helps.
michael
Hi Michael:
In your experience, how much improvement do you get, in term of risk adjusted return, with a confidence based strategy instead of a transactional based one?
Using the daily follow through indicator in your State of the Market report as an example, what is the difference, in terms of risk adjusted return (say for the last 10 years), between scaling the trade according to the confidence and or just trade by the sign?
Thanks,
WH
RE to WH: I don’t think that there is a one size fits all answer.
In the very narrow example of daily follow-through, not significantly (because the strategy is inherently binary), but I don’t think anyone should be trading purely based on daily follow-through anyways (too simple, too prone to protracted drawdowns).
But in a more sophisticated (and hopefully effective) system where multiple considerations are at play, it could be significant.
michael
Thanks, Michael! I would love to hear more about the confidence based approach. Yes, the daily follow-through strategy is way too simple on its own.
BTW, Great blog! A lot of inspiring ideas and good analysis.
Conceptually, I very much prefer the idea of confidence-based strategies to transactional-based strategies. However, I must admit, in my own strategy development, I’ve had more success from a risk-adjusted return standpoint using trinary (is that a word?) strategies (long/short/flat) rather than confidence-based strategies. I chalk this up to the fact that when confidence in a position is low, in essence there’s not a lot of predictability. Low predictability implies, on average, low or no profits while in the market, which, in general, would seem to lower the average return without necessarily reducing the volatility–thereby lowering the risk-adjusted return (if one is using, say, a Sharpe ratio measure). That’s just my experience so far.
However, I do plan to redouble my efforts on developing confidence-based strategies because a model that surfs the ebbing and flowing of the market in a gradual, adaptive, and continuous way taking into account, as Michael mentions, the different timescales seems to me preferable to one that is more abrupt and discontinuous in its position-taking.
RE to rcm: all very well said sir.
I’ve had a similar experience with extremely low confidence trades being more of a waste of time than anything. Might make sense just to set some bottom threshold and say anything below this I just ignore and move to cash. In my own portfolios, because I’m trading leveraged mutual funds, I take all trades, regardless of confidence, because I incur no per-transaction costs. But if I were trading something like ETFs or futures, I would definitely take a bit of a different approach. michael
Michael: You mentioned there is no transaction costs on the leveraged mutual funds for your trading. Seems like you can also trade in and out of those funds frequently. Is there any fees (management/incentive fees) you need to pay at all for trading those funds?
WH
RE to WH: only an annual expense ratio – did a post on this previously at: http://marketsci.wordpress.com/2009/03/09/faq-why-i-trade-leveraged-mutual-funds/.
michael
Michael,
I love your blog.
Regarding putting together portfolios of uncorrelated assets, I’ve always thought we could create some measure that’s better than correlation for these purposes. What we really want to add to our portfolio is another asset whose DRAWDOWNS are not correlated with the drawdowns of the first asset. We won’t mind at all if the runups are correlated, right?
So, to compute the correlations of the negative returns, we would start with the return curves of the two assets. For instance, if we are interested in trading daily, these would be vectors of the daily returns. Then we would zero out all the positive portions of each return curve, then compute the correlation between those two modified curves.
Matt T.
RE to Matt T: funny you should make that comment…I’m actually working on something in that same vein right now. One quick thought: if you did do a formula like you’ve layed out above, you wouldn’t want to just zero out the positive values because those zero values would cause a shift in the correlation even though that’s not what you want.
Unfortunately, my attempt at doing this is part of a new project I’m working on, so I won’t be able to share my solution, but conceptually, I think it’s a great idea.
michael
Hi Michael and thanks again for clear thinking -
I may have missed it —- a ranking of the systems in your “stategies” table according to Method #1 (correlation) would be useful.
paul
RE to Paul: haven’t ever posted a complete table – good idea though. Added to the todo list. michael
MS:
I ave seen the comment in #1 before (John Mauldin) that in a crisis all correlation go to 1, but your 4 strategiess averaged as in #4 certainly show the opposit. All correlations going to one must be for non-mamaged indeces, or how do you explain this difference?
Thanks, love your work!
Dick Russell
RE to Dick Russell: refers to traditional buy & hold investing. Our strategies (because we frequently change the % of our portfolio allocated, as well as the direction long vs short) very much do not fall into that trap over long enough horizons. Thanks, michael
Michael, I’ve done some research on this subject that you might find interesting. Drop me an email. Thanks
Hey Dan,
Could you send me the research youve done as well? Would be much appreciated.
-Gary
gbasin at gmail